Pressure-fluid motor



Nov. 11, 1930,

E" H. SHAFF 1,781,131

PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Filed Feb. 1,6 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 1 1, 1930. E. H. SHAFF 1,781,131

PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Filed Feb. 1 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. 11, 1930. E. H. SHAFF 1,781,131

PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb; 16 1925 Patented Nov. 11, 1930 sf'nras ERNEST n". snare, or GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN, assranon 'ro WMTH: KELLER, rim,

F GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN,

Ar CURIPORQAT-ION" OF MICHIGAN PRESSUREFLUIDMOTOR 7 Application filed; February This invention relates to pressure fluid motors-and particularly to motors of the general type of motor disclosedin mycopending. application Serial No. 748,205 filing date 00- tober. 13,1924.

In said application I have described and illustrated a hand held motor device in which a rotary'tool is operated by a fluid pressure operated motor comprising a circumferentially arranged group or series of pistons and cylinders acting; upon a movable structure which operates to impart a gyratory motion to a pin or arm moving. in a conical. path. The gyratory motion serves to produce the desired rotation of the tool and likewise to operate a rotating. valve member which controls the admission and the exhaust to the cylinders.

It is an object of this invention. to provide 29 an advantageous construction for the rotating and gyrating. parts of the device whereby to minimize the wear on these parts, and to simplify their manufacture so that the tool may be manufactured on an economical-basis. A particular object is to provide an im proved construction for the parts by which gyration is converted into rotations 7 Still another object is to provide in. such a tool a construction for such. parts as are so especially subjectto wean which permits their manufacture in the form of sheet metal stampings, thus reducing not only the initial manufacturing cost but also the replacement or maintenance cost of the tool.

Still other and ancillary objects and advantages of the improved structure Will be apparent from the ensuing descriptioirofthe device illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 represents a longitudinal cross section of the device as a whole.

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section of the dev-ice along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 showing the arrangement of the movable structure and the universal mountingv therefor.

3 is a vertical cross section along the line 33 of Fig.1 showing the arrangement of the cylinders and the end of the Valve to" member.

is; 1925;. sens-1 m 9,3911.

Fig. 4 is a detailed cross section of: the

valve membenon the-line. 4'-4E- of Fig.1.

Figs-.1 5 and 6' are; detailedv-iewsof a part of the? structure associatedtwith the universal connectioru V Figs. 7 and 8' a forming. the. universal connectioin V Gwemldescriptz'on Referring first to Fig..llofthedrawings lo designates the annular. casingbf apontab'le grinder comprising armain or. rear section 11 and a front section. 12.. Therear section; is closed. by means? of a. plate-13 With which is rigid 'avhandle 14. Withinthe rear. or main section of. thezcasing isa" plurality. of. motor units arranged: inv circular series, each comprising. a cylinderr lliian d apiston The flow of fluid pressureto and .fromflthesesev- .eralmotor units is controlledzby aniautomatisally. operating valve mechanism, generally designated. by the. numeral. 17: and. by: a manually operable valvein' the-handle generally designated by the..numeral 18; Powerimpulses imparted. to; the. pistons of: theiseveral motor units are. successively:transmitted by piston rods 1z9= to a. movable structure having a circular series. of, connections with said pistonrodsformed in its. base plate .20.- The movable 'structure is universely mounted in e two views eta plate the-fixedrbody of the deviceso that it may have a non-rotary Wabbling. motion as each piston:successivelyacts upon it. The movable structure hasa bearing. portion 21 axially alinedwiththe base plate20 andspaced-therefrom by a. suitable. intervening structure adaptedto transmit the thrustof: the pistons directly to said bearing portion 21.. Arcrank 22is rigidly. mountedona rotating spindle 23, said crank. havingm thrust beaning with the bearing. portion .21 in ag-plan'e inclined. to

the axis ofthev spindle 23, ,the axis of thebearing being.- so arranged that it passes through the center of: the. universal mounting; of; the plate 20. 1 V I The present. invention relates to therotary construction Within the casing 10. As above pointed out, the rotary construction includes the .valve .17 the movable structure including plate. 20 @bearing; portion-2 l, and:.the spindle .23 with its crank 22 in rotary-relationto the movable structure.

The main or rear section 11 of the tool casing is annular in form and in the present instance is cast to form integral therewith a r cylinder block ,24which is bored to receive sleeves forming a circular series ofcylinders 15. The annular opening of'theecylinder I block in part houses the valve mechanism 17.

2 5 the portion 27.

Integral with the'r'ear plate 13 of the casing is a rearwardly extending tubular portion 27 Y constituting a hub for the valve Inechanism- 17 and providing a support to -which the handle '14 may be secured, the handle being in,

this instance shown as formed integrally with 1 e The valve mechanism 17 which Iby preference employ, c'ompris es'a stationary casing 28 having a series of circumferentiallyarranged slots forming ports 29 which com- 1 'municate' with passages 39 formed in enlargements 4O integral'with the plate 13 (Fig.

1). The passages .39 are inclined forwardly ,and outwardly and attheir forward ends open-into the-rear ends of thecylinders 15. Within the valve-casing 28ois a rotary valve member 41* having at its rear end an annular groove 42 fromfwhich a plurality of port holes I '43 (Fig 1) extend forward-lyand terminate in a transverse slot 44 formed inthe periphery ""ofthe valvej'member; saidslot being posiitiioned approximately centrally:thereof so as to register successivelywiththe "ports 29.

illljevalvei member also has, a' 'central bore 45 opening at its forward endinto a transverse slot 46 located diametrically opposite the. slot 44and also; adapted toregister successively with the 'f'port 29. The annular ,groove'42 I t'Figfjl);communicates at all'times with a passage '47' the' handle to which motive fluidis-supplied under the control of a manually operable valve 18 so that in therotation of .thevalve member,-pressure isa'dmitted sucfesablishedbetween cylinders and the at "mo'sphere; j :The cylinder block 50; inpwhich bears a shaft- 51 alined with the valve-member 41. The end of the valve cessively'to the' circular series'of ports 29 by ofjthe holes or; du'cts'f43 and thetransverse slot 44. On the other hand, the bore 45 24 contains a sleeve member 41 is'drilled'out forming a recess 52 -"into' which the end'of shaft 51 projects. The

shaft'51 has its end slotted at 53 and thevalve member, has its end slotted diametrically at 54,1theslotsbeing adapted to register so as to receive a locking pin 55 therethrough. A second pair of slots 56 (Fig. 3) is also provided inthe valve memberto'permit varying the az'zial rlation between shaft 51 and the Valve member 41 for reversing the direction of r0 tation. The sleeve 50 stops short in the cylinder block opening leaving an annular space 57 about the shaft 51. I

and. the shaft 51 are axially alinedand rigid In the present instance the tool spindle in structure. Within the front portion 12 of the casing the'integr'al structure contains an offset section hereinabove generally referred" to as the crank 22. It is a section of shaft which is made angular to the shaft 51 in such a manner that the axis of the angular section or, crank22 describes a cone in the rotation of the spindle. The spindle 23 bears'at one end in the casing 12 in a ball bearing 58. The

,end 59 of the spindle23 isrigidlyassociated as by the key 60 with a collar 61 which is coincidentwith an extended portion of the shaft 51. The collar 61 bears directly'inthe bearing'58 and is provided with'an' annular shoulder-62 abutting the inner race of this,"

hearing. The form of collar 61 provides an irregular shaped strengthening flange in which the bearing shoulder 62 is formed. i

In Fig. lthe flange at the bottom is shown of considerable thickness and of considerable radial extent being indicated at 68; Such a construction provides a mass of material which is arranged to counterbalance the weight of the ofiset sect-ion of the shaft, thereby reducing any tendency towards vibration of the device during rotation. Inthe upp'er part the flange is thinner and narrower in a radial extent and merges into 'afiange64'at the end of the angular portion of the shaft thus providing acrank arm' for the crank 22.

tween portion 21and crank '22. V

Becauseof the universal mounting of the 'movable structure to the fixed portions of the device the movable structure hasa Wabblingfor gyrating motion such that the axis of the movable structure describes a cone and such that there is norotational relation between said structure and the stationary parts of the device. 'The gyratory motion 'is utilized to produce rotation of the spindle 23 by the pivotal relation existing between the coaxial bearing portion 21 andthe crank 22.

'Crank 22 serves as a pivot for the thrust 7 bearing generallyireferredto as existingbe The pivotal relation is provided by a thrust bearing having a set of bearing balls 65 which run ina ball race 66 formed in flange 64.

The complementary race is provided by a dished annular ring 67 preferably of sheet plate 20 by a spider construction 68 extending to and secured to plate 20. by the bolts 69 and nuts 7 O at eacharm of the spider.

The universal relation is provided by a universal connection to be presently described operating between thejplate 20. and the sleeve 50 hereinbefore described as setinto the cylinder block 24 and providing a fixed bearing metal supported in elevated relation to the wearer 20. Plate QOispentagonal' -inform and is provided at each-apeX'w-ith a semi-spherical depression 71. The plate-is apertured at the center for the passage therethrough of the crank 22 and for theamounting of the uni versal connection. A complementary plate 72- with upturned edges 73 and a series of sphericalfiange's-74fits over the plate 20 and is secured thereto by t'he nuts and bolts 69 and 70 which secure thespider' arms 68 onto plate 20. Plate 72 is apertured similar to plate 20. The two plates together cause registration of thespheri'cal depressions 71 and the' spheric'alflanges'i l to form a socket for ball 7 5 on each piston rod 19. Plate 72 is slotted-Tat each apex as shownat 76to permit insertion ofthe piston rod 19.

The universal connection has one pivotal mounting in the plate 20. Thus, each of plates 20 and72 have registering depressions 77 and 781'espectivelyassociated to form a pivot bearing and also diametrically opposit'e' depressions: 7 9 and 80 respectively as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. A- yoke member 81 (Fig: 2-) is pivoted in said depressions. Yoke member 81 comprisestwosimilar plates 82 (Figs: 7 and 8) of sheet metal riveted together at 83. Semi-cylindrical projections 8 L form trunnions which are adapted to be placed in thedepressions in the plates 20 and 72. Also, there are provided semi-cylindrical depressions 85 in the plates 82 lying at right angles to the projections 84. These depressions 85 form bearings for another part of the universal connection.

The other mounting of the universal connection comprises a pair of trunnions rigid with the cylinder block 24 and engaging the depressions 85. This structure is preferably made integrally with the sleeve 50 which is provided with diametrically arranged projections 86 terminating in coaxial trunnions 87 Radial lugs 88 are provided which fit into recesses therefor in the cylinder block 24 to hold the pivot structure and the sleeve structure 50 rigid therewith. As described in the above mentioned application, an air duct is provided for air leaking into the casing. The passage of air through the duct is adapted to cool the rotating parts. The duct is preferably formed by the passage 88 in crank 22, passage 89 in shaft 51 and radial passage 90 in the shaft 51 communicating with the annular space 57 and an outlet pas-' sage 91 through cylinder block 24: and plate 13.

By the above described construction it is possible to construct a device of the class described having butone'iset' ofball hearings.

in the bearing between the angular 'shafting and the gyrating structure. As such bearings are subject to great pressure and high speed this isan important improvement insucli devices. Furthermore the present construction is such that the parts arereduced in num ber and are simplified in form thus making them capable-of economic manufacture: as sheet metal stampings. Such a structureare duces the machiningof parts heretofore required for other constructions and permits the manufacture of an efficient device at much less cost than heretofore. Another feature of the present construction is the provision of replaceable wearing parts which. have-a simple structure and which may easily be procured at small expense. for. renewal? when necessary. This makes it possible. for the user of. the tool to maintain his device in good operative condition by beingable to wearing parts.

I claim as my mvention:

1. A pressure fluid actuatedltoolrcomprise axis of said spindle and spaced from the arm of said crank, a. cupped member supported upon said plate in. spaced relationthereto and forming a ball-race, said crank alsohavinga ball-race thereon in opposed relation to said member, and bearing balls entered between said races.

2. A pressure fluid actuated tool comprising, in combination with, a plurality of motor units arranged in circular series, a

plate mounted to turn on intersectingaxesl with; the point of intersection lying in the secure at limited expense the replaceable I axis of said series of units and arrangedto beswung. onv said intersecting axesby said units. apart to be driven having a crankarm associated therewith, said plate and crank arm occupying, at all times a paralleli'relation, and means p'roviding'a thrust bearing between said plate and saidflcrank arm comprisinga cupped member mounted on said plate in spaced relation thereto, and bearing balls interposed between said cupped mem: her and the crankarm.

3'. A pressure fluid actuated. tool comprising a plurality of motor units arranged in circular series, auniversally mounted pressure member operatively associated with said motor units, a tool spindle, a part connected with said spindle and disposed on one side of its axis, and means for translating gyratory motionimpartedto said pressure memberin to rotary motion in said part comprising: a

member rigidly supported upon the pressure member. in parallel relation thereto but spac'eda substantial distance therefrom, said .member beingishaped to provlde' one race of 7 ing outwardly from said axis, aseriesofballs I between sald two races,and a un1versal con in combinatioma housing, agyratory rotary a;thru st bearing-ofwhich the other-vrr'ace'is V formed'on said part, andbearing'ballsintcrposed'in said races. i

r :7 Li-In aidevice of the class described, in. comprising asubstantially annular member ar bi natiom'a housing, a gyratory: rotary shaft, a

gyratory non-rotary structure pivotally related to lsaidlshaft, said'shaft having ballrace formed: therein facing inwardly toward the axls of rotation, said structure having a complementary ba-llrace'formed therein facnection between said structure and said hous- 25.1111 a devi -ce of the character described,

shaft, a gyrating non-rotaryzstructure associated with said'shaft," said structure comranged perpendicularly to the'shaft, means within; the opening of the member to mount r ituniversa'llyonthe housing about the apex of gyration ofthe shaft, a plurality of circumferentially arranged 'pi'stonsacting on saidf'member on one side thereof, and a. bear- "ingmember about said shaftbeyond the annular member'bn the side oppositeto said pistons, andsupporting means rigidly coni nee-ting sa dannular member and saldbear- 30 Y r ing memberp v a V I l 6; In a device of theclass described, a

non-rotary gyratory structureadapted to .be

acted upon at one side by aplurality of cir- I cumferentially arranged pistons comprising a member providing in a single plane a pressure rrecelvmg part' for each piston, a second v member spaced from the firston the side 0p- I pivot bearings.

flanges forming aspherical'socket with the depressionsof the first plate, an upstanding spiderh'aving a cuppedbody portionwitha I circular opening therein and having legs i adapted to support said body portion above the plates, and means to. securetogether said,

two plates; and saidlegs, eaohjoi said plat-es having a, central opening therein and opposing depressionson oppositesidesof said open ings adapted to receivea ,pairof pivot pins for support thereby,

9. Auniversal support for a gyratory'mem berin'a device of the character described,

comprising, in combination, two metal plates of slmilarsize'and shape, each having a fiat faoe,-sa1d plates being secured together with the flat faces abutting, andeach plate having semi-cylindrical depressions therein on opposite sides adaptedto form alined pivot bearings, each plate having also semi-cylindrical extensions being forthe member;

adapted to forinpivot pins 10. A universal support for a gyratory I member of thejcharacter described, comprising, in combination, two similar plates'se-q curedtogetherin opposed relation, said plates having similarly arranged, projections and posite the'pistons, means to mount-the'strud' I ture universallyabout the apex of gyration, a rotary shaft adapted to gyrate about said apex, and a bearingbetween said second member'and said shaft. t

7. A gyrating structure for adevice of the class described, said structure having parts adapted to be formed as stampings from sheet metal comprising a plate having a plurality c t-hemispherical depressions therein toreceive piston rods in a ball and socketrela- ERNEST in. s mian.-

I j 1 {soc tion, a complementary plate having openings 1 therein with spherically curved retaining p flanges forming a. spherical socket with the depressions of the first plate, an upstanding spider having a cupped body portion with a circular opening therein and having legs adapted to support said body portion above the plates, and means to secure together said two plates'and said legs.

8. A gyrating structure for a device of the l class described, said structure having parts adapted to be formed as stampings from sheet metal comprising a plate having aplurality of hemispherical depressions therein to receive piston rods in a ball and socket relation, a complementary plate having openings therein 7 with spherically curved retaining 

